Quantum computing has made complex problem-solving easier. These computers are developed with advanced technologies. They are able to perform more complex calculations that even supercomputers are not capable of. They are super fast, super powerful, and 158 million times faster than most-advanced computers. Let’s discuss Quantum Computing in detail.
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Quantum Computing
Quantum Computing emerged in the 1980s and works on the basis of Quantum mechanics. It has elevated the technology and has made it possible to solve complex problems with millions of equations in just a second. Quantum Computing works on the basis of the two features of Quantum Physics; Superposition and entanglement.
Quantum computers are capable of examining complex problems and finding possible solutions for them. They use qubits -quantum bits, which can be 1 and 0 at the same time whereas, the classical computer uses bits, which can be only 0 or 1 at a time. These qubits carry information in a quantum state. It engages 0s and 1s in a multidimensional manner. They have faster processing power because their bits have the ability to be in multiple states at a time.
Quantum Computers need Billions to build. They are way faster than supercomputers and require less energy as well. Their processors are almost the same in size as the ones on your laptop. But, the quantum hardware is big as a car. They are specially kept in cooling systems to prevent them from heating up.
Need for Quantum computers
Scientists needed a machine that is capable of solving complex calculations that even supercomputers are not able to perform. Although supercomputers consist of thousands of CPUs and GPUs, still there were so many cases that arises the requirement for more advanced technology. And, this leads to the development of Quantum Computing.
Quantum Computer vs Classical Computers
- Quantum computers have a whole different processing technique than classical computers. Classical computers depend on transistors that can either represent 0 or 1 binary information. But, quantum computers use qubits that can represent 0 and 1 simultaneously.
- Quantum computers have a simple structure with no memory or processor. Whereas, classical computers consist of processors and have complex structures.
- The power of quantum computers increases drastically when they are linked to a number of qubits. Whereas, the power of a classical computer increases when more bits are added.
- Quantum computers run qubits in multidimensional quantum algorithms, and thus have more processing power than classical computers.
- Quantum computers heat up due to high processing, and therefore super-cool superfluids are used to keep them. But, classical computers need no special treatment, a basic cooling fan is enough for their heat resistance.
- Quantum computers are more likely to have error rates than classical computers. They also require a huge amount of money to build.
Limitations of Quantum computing
Quantum computing has made a lot of things possible, but it still needs development in a few areas;
- A Quantum computer needs to be prevented from even the slightest disturbance. A small disturbance in the qubit environment can cause errors while running or end up showing collapsed computations.
- Classical computers use digital bits, and thus error correction is not difficult for them. But, quantum computers use qubits where conventional error correction cannot be used. Therefore, error correction in quantum computers during computation is not yet perfect.
Conclusion
Quantum computers can revolutionize the current computation by making problem-solving possible that was once not possible. The development of quantum computers will solve the problem of optimization in everything from defense to trading.
However, there are still some problems related to security and cryptography in quantum computers that researchers are working on. This technology holds the interest of both the government and private sectors as it has the potential to unfold new possibilities.
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